OZONE EFFECTS ON Specific BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND MOLDS
Bacteria
are microscopically small, single-cell creatures having a primitive
structure. The bacteria body is sealed by a relatively solid-cell
membrane. Ozone interferes with the metabolism
of bacterium-cells, most likely through inhibiting and blocking the operation
of the enzymatic control system. A sufficient amount of ozone breaks through
the cell membrane, and this leads to the destruction of the bacteria.
Viruses
are small, independent particles, built of crystals and macromolecules, Unlike
bacteria, they multiply only within the host cell. They transform protein of
the host cell into proteins of their own. Ozone destroys viruses by diffusing
through the protein coat into the nucleic acid core, resulting in damage of the
viral RNA. At higher concentrations,
ozone destroys the capsid, or exterior protein shell by oxidation so DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid), or RNA (ribonucleic acid) structures of the
microorganism are affected.
1-mg/l = 1-PPM
| Pathogen |
Dosage |
| Aspergillus Niger (Black
Mount) |
Destroyed by
1.5 to 2 mg/I |
| Bacillus Bacteria |
Destroyed by 0.2 m/I within
30 seconds |
| Bacillus Anthracis (causes anthrax in sheep, cattle and pigs. Also a human pathogen) |
Ozone
susceptible |
| Bacillus cereus |
99% destruction
after 5-min at 0.12 mg/l in water |
| B. cereus (spores) |
99% destruction
after 5-min at 2.3 mg/l in water |
| Bacillus subtilis |
90% reduction
at 0.10-PPM for 33 minutes |
| Bacteriophage f2 |
99.99%
destruction at 0.41 mg/l for 10-seconds in water |
| Botrytis cinerea |
3.8 mg/l for 2
minutes |
| Candida Bacteria |
Ozone
susceptible |
| Clavibacter michiganense |
99.99%
destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 5 minutes |
| Cladosporium |
90% reduction
at 0.10-PPM for 12.1 minutes |
| Clostridium Bacteria |
Ozone
susceptible |
| Clostridium Botulinum
Spores. Its toxin paralyses the central nerve
system, being a poison multiplying in food and meals. |
0.4 to 0.5 mg/l threshold
value |
| Coxsackie Virus A9 |
95% destruction
at 0.035 mg/l for 10-seconds in water |
| Coxsackie Virus B5 |
99.99%
destruction at 0.4 mg/l for 2.5-minutes in sludge effluent |
| Diphtheria Pathogen |
Destroyed by 1.5 to 2
mg/l |
| Eberth Bacillus (Typhus
abdomanalis). Spreads typically by aqueous infection and
causes typhoid. |
Destroyed by 1.5 to 2
mg/l |
| Echo Virus 29: The virus most sensitive to
ozone. |
After a contact time of 1 minute
at 1 mg/l of ozone, 99.999% killed. |
| Enteric virus |
95% destruction
at 4.1 mg/l for 29 minutes in raw wastewater |
| Escherichia Coli Bacteria (from feces) |
Destroyed by 0.2 mg/l within 30 seconds
in air |
| E-coli (in clean water) |
99.99%
destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes |
| E-coli (in wastewater) |
99.9%
destruction at 2.2 mg/l for 19 minutes |
| Encephalomyocarditis Virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30
seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. |
| Endamoebic Cysts Bacteria |
Ozone
susceptible |
| Enterovirus Virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8
mg/l. |
| Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
lycopersici |
1.1 mg/l for 10
minutes |
| Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
melonogea |
99.99 %
destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 20 minutes |
| GDVII Virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. |
| Hepatitis A virus |
99.5% reduction
at 0.25 mg/l for 2-seconds in a phosphate buffer |
| Herpes Virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds wit 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. |
| Influenza Virus |
0.4 to 0.5 mg/l threshold
value |
| Klebs-Loffler Bacillus |
Destroyed by 1.5 to 2
mg/l |
| Legionella pneumophila |
99.99%
destruction at 0.32 mg/l for 20 minutes in distilled water |
| Luminescent Basidiomycetes (species having no
melanin pigment). |
Destroyed in 10
minutes at 100-PPM |
| Mucor piriformis |
3.8 mg/l for 2
minutes |
| Mycobacterium avium |
99.9% with a CT
value of 0.17 in water
(scientifically reviewed document) |
| Mycobacterium foruitum |
90% destruction
at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes in water |
| Penicillium Bacteria |
Ozone
susceptible |
| Phytophthora parasitica |
3.8 mg/l for 2
minutes |
| Poliomyelitis Virus |
99.99% kill with 0.3 to 0.4 mg/l in 3-4
minutes |
| Poliovirus type 1 |
99.5%
destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes in water |
| Proteus Bacteria |
Very
susceptible |
| Pseudomonas Bacteria |
Very
susceptible |
| Rhabdovirus virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8
mg/l |
| Salmonella Bacteria |
Very
susceptible |
| Salmonella typhimurium |
99.99%
destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.67 minutes in water |
| Schistosoma Bacteria |
Very
susceptible |
| Staph epidermidis |
90% reduction
at 0.1-ppm for 1.7 min |
| Staphylococci |
Destroyed by 1.5 to 2.0
mg/l |
| Stomatitis Virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8
mg/l |
| Streptococcus Bacteria |
Destroyed by 0.2 mg/l within 30
seconds |
| Verticillium dahliae |
99.99 % destruction at 1.1
mg/l for 20 minutes |
| Vesicular Virus |
Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8
mg/l |
| Virbrio Cholera Bacteria |
Very
susceptible |
| Vicia Faba progeny |
Ozone causes chromosome aberration and its effect is twice that
observed by the action of X-rays |
